On sets of measure zero, always bet on Lebesgue
This is the best summary of the types of integration. Awesome.
I'm so interested in Itô integrals now, Dr. Sean is the GOAT
another day, another Dr. Sean banger
Re: peeking into the future, that’s not entirely true. The Stratonovich Integral (midpoint rule) is also an adapted process (meaning it can’t see the future) and even results in the standard chain rule when taken in differential form. The real reason people use an Ito integral is that it is a martingale. Admittedly, this is a bit technical.
I didn't know about the Itô integral, so I learned something new today. Nice!
You are a fantastic teacher. I am new to calculus, and have really wondered why we would need more than a "general integral." This video not only answered the question, but also justified what the hell derivatives are actually measuring (and why we bother taking them). Thank you.
you forgot the Kurzweil Henstock integral
Great video, but at 9:55 it's more correct to say that we get an irrational number almost every time (i.e. with probability one, but it's still technically possible to get a rational number).
Brilliant video!👍 Exactly the right amount of depth for me 🤗 Thanks for putting effort into the production and having great audio and video, and double thanks for not using negatively biased graphics. 🙏
Woah, I am astounded by how easy to understand you made the concepts of the more complicated integrals!
How to explain integral calculus in 12 minutes... You nailed it perfectly!
Thank you. Very nice to see this info being simply explained. In the Ito integral, it's interesting how 2nd order terms are important (in a standard deviation sense) because of the nature of the random process, whereas in the other types of integration presented the 2nd order terms are considered insignificant (zero). Would have been nice (a luxury) to include the Generalized Riemann Integral (uses a different type of partitioning).
Beautiful exposition with just the right dose/exposure of a new topic.
Love the visualizations always makes it easier.
If I'm not mistaken, by "random process" you mean a stochastic process, i.e. a random variable with an index number (often, though not always, interpreted as time) attached? In the case you showed, the index number has an interpretable direction so talking about it as time is meaningful and some authors would call the process causal. But what happens if we give up on the causality assumption (as some do in time series analysis, though that is in discrete time) and let the "future" (i.e. events with a high index number) affect "today"? Is the Ito integral still valid?
Hi Dr Sean! The video was very insighftul and easy to comprehend. Thank you very much for your work. I am looking forward to lean more maths in an MBA program than in my undergrad in finance. I was wondering about what measury theory is and how brownian is relevant to stohastic analysis. Thanks again, looking forward for more videos in the future :)
I’d just like to say on thing regarding Itô integrals: one of the reasons it’s mathematically tricky to work with is that you’re integrating wrt a fractal function (Brownian motion is a fractal) meaning that you can’t really make your partitions infinitely thin in the same way as Riemann integrals. This results in some interesting rules regarding differentials
Define a process for generating a random number that takes less than infinite time which can demonstrate only irrational numbers. Also, can you go into further depth on the higher level integrals?
@mtaur4113