DSA with Java from Scratch

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A variable is a container that holds data values. There are different types of variables, including:

1. Primitive Data Types:
`int`: Integer type (e.g., `int age = 25;`).
`double`: Double-precision floating-point type (e.g., `double salary = 50000.50;`).
`char`: Character type (e.g., `char grade = ‘A’;`).
`boolean`: Boolean type (e.g., `boolean isJavaFun = true;`).

2. Reference Data Types:
Objects: Instances of classes (e.g., `String name = “John”;`).
Arrays: Collections of elements (e.g., `int[] numbers = {1, 2, 3};`).

3. Local Variables:
Declared within a method, constructor, or block.
Limited to the scope in which they are defined.

4. Instance Variables (Non-static Fields):
Belong to an instance of a class.
Each instance of the class has its own copy of these variables.

5. Class Variables (Static Fields):
Belong to the class and are shared among all instances.
Declared with the `static` keyword.

Example:
```java
public class Example {
int instanceVar = 10; // Instance variable
static int classVar = 20; // Class variable

public void method() {
int localVar = 30; // Local variable
}
}
```
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