We talk about the heap, a region of memory used for dynamic allocation in languages like C and C++. The heap can grow as needed and is used for objects whose size may change or data that needs to persist beyond a function's scope. We discuss how a heap overflow occurs when a program writes more data to a heap-allocated space than it can hold, potentially overwriting adjacent memory. Systems using dynamic memory allocation, particularly in C/C++, are susceptible to this vulnerability.
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